1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 78, Issue 4

Infection with AIDS-related herpesviruses in human immunodeficiency virus-negative infants and endemic childhood Kaposi’s sarcoma in Africa Free

Abstract

Novel herpesviruses have been described recently. These include human herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8 (HHV-6, -7, -8). HHV-6 has at least two strain groups, variants A and B. The B strains are predominant in the West and can account for over 97% of infections in infants. In contrast, the A strains are rare and the few well-characterized isolates have been from adult African AIDS patients. It is not clear whether the HHV-6 variant A strains are AIDS-related and/or whether they can also be acquired as childhood infections and may reactivate later during adulthood. What contribution geographical variation plays has yet to be assessed. HHV-8 has been associated with AIDS-related epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), but has also been identified in endemic KS. In regions of Africa where KS is endemic, the onset of AIDS has led to increased prevalence of KS. In this report, we examine in Zambia, an AIDS epidemic and KS endemic region, infection with these novel herpesviruses during infancy. In blood samples from human immunodeficiency virus-negative infants with first febrile episode, both semi-quantitative PCR and sequence analyses were used to identify HHV-8 in 8% and HHV-6 in 30%, with 44% of these variant A; in childhood endemic KS biopsies HHV-8 was detected in 100% and HHV-6 in none. The high viral-DNA loads in the infant blood samples were consistent with viraemia. This is the first demonstration that HHV-6 variant A and HHV-8 may be acquired as common childhood infections.

  • Published Online:
© Society for General Microbiology 1997
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-847
1997-04-01
2024-05-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/78/4/9129658.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-847&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Amadou C. E. A. 1995; Localisation of new genes and markers to the distal part of the human MHC region and comparison with the mouse: new insight into evolution of mammalian genomes. Genomics 26:9–20
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Asano Y., Yoshikawa T., Suga S., Yazaki T., Kondo K., Yamanishi K. 1990; Fatal fulminant hepatitis in an infant with human herpesvirus-6 infection. Lancet 335:862–863
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Asano Y., Yoshikawa T., Kajita Y., Ogura R., Suga S., Yazaki T., Nakashima T., Yamada A., Kurata T. 1992; Fatal encephalitis/ encephalopathy in primary human herpesvirus-6 infection. Archives of Disease in Childhood 67:1484–1485
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bigoni B., Dolcetti R., De Lellis L., Carbone A., Boiocchi M., Cassai E., Di Luca D. 1996; Human herpesvirus 8 is present in the lymphoid system of healthy persons and can reactivate in the course of AIDS. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173:542–549
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Cesarman E., Moore P. S., Rao P. H., Inghirami G., Knowles D. M., Chang Y. 1995; In vitro establishment and characterization of two acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma cell lines (BC-1 and BC-2) containing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) DNA sequences. Blood 86:2708–2714
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Chang Y., Cesarman E., Pessin M. S., Lee F., Culpepper J., Knowles D. M., Moore P. S. 1994; Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi′s sarcoma. Science 266:1865–1869
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Chintu C., Athale U. H., Patil P. S. 1995; Childhood cancers in Zambia before and after the HIV epidemic. ArchivesofDisease in Childhood 73:100–105
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Chuck S., Grant R. M., KatongoleMbidde E., Conant M., Ganem D. 1996; Frequent presence of a novel herpesvirus genome in lesions of human immunodeficiency virus-negative Kaposi′s sarcoma. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173:248–251
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Cone R. W., Hackman R. C., Huang M., Bowden R. A., Meyers J. D., Metcalf M., Zeh J., Ashley R., Corey L. 1993a; Human herpesvirus 6 in lung tissue from patients with pneumonitis after bone marrow transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine 329:156–161
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Cone R. W., Huang M., Ashley R., Corey L. 1993b; Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in peripheral blood cells and saliva from immunocompetent individuals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31:1262–1267
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Cuende J. I., Ruiz J., Civeira M. P., Prieto J. 1994; High prevalence of HHV-6 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals detected by nested-PCR. Journal of Medical Virology 43:115–118
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Dewhurst S., McIntyre K., Schnabel K., Hall C. B. 1993; Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) variant B accounts for the majority of symptomatic primary HHV-6 infections in a population of U.S. infants. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31:416–418
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Dolcetti R., Di Luca D., Carbone A., Mirandola P., De Vita S., Vaccher E., Sighinolfi L., Gloghini A., Tirelli U., Cassai E., Boiocchi M. 1996; Human herpesvirus 6 in human immmunodeficiency virus- infected individuals : association with early histologic phases of lympha-denopathy syndrome but not with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. Journal of Medical Virology 48:344–353
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Downing R. G., Sewankambo N., Serwadda D., Honess R. W., Crawford D., Jarrett R., Griffen B. N. 1987; Isolation of human lymphotropic herpesviruses from Uganda. Lancet ii:390
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Drobyski W. R., Dunne W. M., Burd E. M., Knox K. K., Ash R. C., Horowitz M. M., Flomenberg N., Carrigan D. R. 1993; Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients : evidence of a marrow-suppressive role for HHV-6 in vivo. Journal of Infectious Diseases 167:735–739
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Fairfax M. R., Schacker T., Cone R. W., Collier A. C., Corey L. 1994; Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in blood cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: correlation of high levels with high CD4 cell counts. Journal of Infectious Diseases 169:1342–1345
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Flamand L., Gosselin J., Stefanescu I., Ablashi D., Menezes J. 1995; Immunosuppressive effect of human herpesvirus 6 on T-cell functions : suppression of interleukin-2 synthesis and cell proliferation. Blood 85:1263–1271
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Furlini G., Vignoli M., Ramazzotti E., Re M. C., Visani G., La Placa M. 1996; A concurrent human herpesvirus-6 infection renders two human hematopoietic progenitor (TF-1 and KG-1) cell lines susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Blood 87:4737–4745
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Gompels U. A., Carrigan D. R., Carss A. L., Arno J. 1993; Two groups of human herpesvirus 6 identified by sequence analyses of laboratory strains and variants from Hodgkin′s lymphoma and bone marrow transplant patients. Journal of General Virology 74:613–622
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Gompels U. A., Luxton J., KehlKnox K., Carrigan D. R. 1994; .Chronic bone marrow suppression in immunocompetent adult by human herpesvirus 6 (18). Lancet 343:735–736
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Gompels U. A., Nicholas J., Lawrence G., Jones M., Thomson B. J., Martin M., Efstathiou S., Craxton M., Macaulay H. A. 1995; The DNA sequence of human herpesvirus-6: structure, coding content, and genome evolution. Virology 209:29–51
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Hall C. B., Long C. E., Schnabel K. C., Caserta M. T., McIntyre K. M., Costanzo M. A., Knott A., Dewhurst S., Insel R. A., Epstein L. G. 1994; Human herpesvirus-6 infection in children - a prospective study of complications and reactivation. New England Journal of Medicine 331:432–438
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Higgins D. G., Sharp P. M. 1989; Fast and sensitive multiple sequence alignments on a microcomputer. CABIOS 5:151–153
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Huang Y. Q., Li J. J., Kaplan M. H., Poiesz B., Katabira E., Zhang W. C., Feiner D., FriedmanKien A. E. 1995; Human herpesvirus-like nucleic acid in various forms of Kaposi′s sarcoma. Lancet 345:759–761
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Knox K. K., Carrigan D. R. 1994; Disseminated active HHV-6 infections in patients with AIDS. Lancet 343:577–578
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Knox K. K., Carrigan D. R. 1996a; Active HHV-6 infection in the lymph nodes of HIV-infected patients : in vitro evidence that HHV-6 can break HIV latency. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 11:370–378
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Knox K. K., Carrigan D. R. 1996b; Chronic myelosuppression associated with persistent bone marrow infection due to human herpesvirus 6 in a bone marrow transplant recipient. Clinical Infectious Diseases 22:174–175
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Knox K. K., Harrington D. P., Carrigan D. R. 1995a; Fulminant human herpesvirus six encephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected infant. Journal of Medical Virology 45:288–292
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Knox K. K., Pietryga D., Harrington D. J., Franciosi R., Carrigan D. R. 1995b; Progressive immunodeficiency and fatal pneumonitis associated with human herpesvirus 6 infection in an infant. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20:406–413
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Kondo K., Kondo T., Okuno T., Takahashi M., Yamanishi K. 1991; Latent human herpesvirus 6 infection of human monocytes/ macrophages. Journal of General Virology 72:1401–1408
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Luppi M., Barozzi P., Maiorana A., Artusi T., Trovato R., Marasca R., Savarino M., CeccheriniNelli L., Torelli G. 1996; Human herpesvirus-8 DNA sequences in human immunodeficiency virusnegative angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and benign lympha- denopathy with giant germinal center hyperplasia and increased vascularity. Blood 87:3903–3909
     [Google Scholar]
  32. McCullers J. A., Lakeman F. D., Whitley R. J. 1995; Human herpesvirus 6 is associated with focal encephalitis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 21:571–576
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Matondo P. 1995; Clinical classification of African Kaposi's sarcoma : time for reappraisal. International Journal of Dermatology 34:166–167
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Mesri E. A., Cesarman E., Arvanitakis L., Rafii S., Moore M., Posnett D. N., Knowles D. M., Asch A. S. 1996; Human herpesvirus-8/Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a new transmissible virus that infects B cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 183:2385–2390
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Moore P. S., Chang Y. 1995; Detection of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in Kaposi′s sarcoma in patients with and those without HIV infection. New England Journal of Medicine 332:1181–1185
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Moore P. S., Gao S. J., Dominguez G., Cesarman E., Lungu O., Knowles D. M., Garber R., Pellett P. E., McGeoch D. J., Chang Y. 1996; Primary characterization of a herpesvirus agent associated with Kaposi′s sarcoma. Journal of Virology 70:549–558
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Nkowane B. M. 1991; Prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in Africa: a review of data published in 1990. AIDS 5S:S7–S15
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Portolani M., Cermelli C., Moroni A., Bertolani M. F., Di Luca D., Cassai E., Sabbatini A. M. 1993; Human herpesvirus-6 infections in infants admitted to hospital. Journal of Medical Virology 39:146–151
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Prezioso P. J., Cangiarella J., Lee M., Nuovo G. J., Borkowsky W., Orlow S. J., Greco M. A. 1992; Fatal disseminated infection with human herpesvirus-6. Journal of Pediatrics 120:921–923
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Renne R., Zhong W., Herndier B., McGrath M., Abbey N., Kedes D., Ganem D. 1996; Lytic growth of Kaposi′s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in culture. Nature Medicine 2:342–346
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Secchiero P., Carrigan D. R., Asano Y., Benedetti L., Crowley R. W., Komaroff A. L., Gallo R. C., Lusso P. 1995; Detection of human herpesvirus 6 in plasma of children with primary infection and immunosuppressed patients by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Infectious Diseases 171:273–280
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Sieczkowski L., Chandran B., Wood C. 1995; The human immunodeficiency virus tat gene enhances replication of human herpesvirus-6. Virology 211:544–553
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Tait D. R., Ward K. N., Brown D. W. G., Miller E. 1996; Measles and rubella misdiagnosed in infants as exanthem subitum (roseola infantum). British Medical Journal 312:101–102
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Takahashi K., Sonoda S., Higashi K., Kondo T., Takahashi H., Takahashi M., Yamanishi K. 1989; Predominant CD4 T-lymphocyte tropism of human herpesvirus 6-related virus. Journal of Virology 63:3161–3163
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Tedder T. S., Briggs M., Cameron C. H., Honess R. W., Robertson D., White H. 1987; A novel lymphotropic herpesvirus. Lancet ii:390–391
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Van Loon N. M., Gummuluru S., Sherwood D. J., Marentes R., Hall C. B., Dewhurst S. 1995; Direct sequence analysis of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) sequences from infants and comparison of HHV-6 sequences from mother/infant pairs. Clinical Infectious Diseases 21:1017–1019
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Ward K. N., Gray J. J. 1994; Primary human herpesvirus-6 infection is frequently overlooked as a cause of febrile fits in young children. Journal of Medical Virology 42:119–123
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Ward K. N., Gray J. J., Fotheringham M. W., Sheldon M. J. 1993; IgG antibodies to human herpesvirus-6 in young children: changes in avidity of antibody correlate with time after infection. Journal of Medical Virology 39:131–138
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Whitby D., Howard M. R., Tenant-Flowers M., Brink N. S., Copas A., Boschoff T., Hatzioannou F. E., Sugett A., Aldam A. S., Denton E. A. 1995; Detection of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals and progression to Kaposi′s sarcoma. Lancet 346:799–802
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Ziegler J. L., KatongoleMbidde E. 1996; Kaposi′s sarcoma in childhood: an analysis of 100 cases from Uganda and relationship to HIV infection. International Journal of Cancer 65:200–203
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-847
Loading
Infection with AIDS-related herpesviruses in human immunodeficiency virus-negative infants and endemic childhood Kaposi’s sarcoma in Africa
J. Gen. Virol. 78, 847 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-847
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-847
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-847
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error