1887

Abstract

A prominent feature of disease induced by is a lymphoproliferative response in the respiratory tract. Although this is also seen in other mycoplasma infections, including , the phenotype of the lymphocytes infiltrating the respiratory tract has not been determined. In this study, the numbers and distribution of lymphocytes in the tracheas of chickens infected with a virulent strain of were examined. Three groups of chickens were experimentally infected with and three unchallenged groups were used as controls. One infected and one control group were culled at 1, 2 and 3 weeks post infection. Tracheas were removed and examined for the presence and number of T cells carrying CD4, CD8, TCRγδ, TCRαβ1 or TCRαβ2 markers. There was no significant difference in the number of CD8 cells in the upper, middle and lower trachea. High numbers of both CD4 and CD8 cells were found with variable numbers of TCRαβ1 and TCRαβ2, but no TCRγδ, cells throughout the time course. The distribution of CD4 cells was dispersed, while the CD8 cells were clustered in follicular-like arrangements. No difference was detected in the distribution of TCRαβ1 and TCRαβ2 cells. The titre of mycoplasma genomes in the trachea decreased significantly from 1 to 2 weeks, while the mucosal thickness of the trachea increased significantly from 1 to 2 weeks then decreased from 2 to 3 weeks, indicating resolution of the lesions following control of infection. This study is the first to examine the phenotypes of T lymphocytes infiltrating the respiratory tract during mycoplasma infections. The findings suggest involvement of specific stimulation of CD8 cells, particularly in the acute phase of disease.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-5-1223
2000-05-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/146/5/1461223a.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-5-1223&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abbas A. B., Lichtman A. H., Pober J. S. 1991 Cellular and Molecular Immunology Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders;
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Avakian A. P., Ley D. H. 1993; Protective immune response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum demonstrated in respiratory-tract washings from M. gallisepticum-infected chickens. Avian Dis 37:697–705 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Boyle J. S., Morrow C. J. 1994; Phylogeny of avian mycoplasmas: implications for mollicute taxonomy. In 10th International Congress of the International Organization for Mycoplasmology pp. 589–590 Bordeaux, France: International Organisation of Mycoplasmology;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Breed D. G., Carr P., Vermeulen A. N. 1996; Differential binding of two monoclonal antibodies directed against the chicken CD8 alpha molecule. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 52:117–125 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bucy R. P., Chen C. H., Cooper M. D. 1990; Development of cytoplasmic CD3+/T cell receptor-negative cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of chickens. Eur J Immunol 20:1345–1350 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Char D., Sanchez P., Chen C. H., Bucy R. P., Cooper M. D. 1990; A third sublineage of avian T cells can be identified with a T cell receptor-3-specific antibody. J Immunol 145:3547–3555
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Chen C. H., Cihak J., Cooper M. D. 1988; Differential expression of two T cell receptors, TcR1 and TcR2, on chicken lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 18:539–543 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Chen C. H., Sowder J. T., Lahti J. M., Cihak J., Losch U., Cooper M. D. 1989; TCR3: a third T-cell receptor in the chicken. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:2351–2355 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Chhabra P. C., Goel M. C. 1980; Normal profile of immunoglobulins in sera and tracheal washings of chickens. Res Vet Sci 29:148–152
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Cimolai N., Taylor G. P., Mah D., Morrison B. J. 1992; Definition and application of a histopathological scoring scheme for an animal model of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae pulmonary infection. Microbiol Immunol 36:465–478 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Cole B. C., Atkin C. L. 1991; The Mycoplasma arthritidis T cell mitogen, MAM: a model superantigen. Immunol Today 12:271–276 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fleischer B., Gerady-Schahn R., Metzroth B., Carrel S., Gerlach D., Köhler W. 1991; An evolutionary conserved mechanism of T cell activation by microbial toxins: evidence for different affinities of T cell receptor-toxin interaction. J Immunol 146:11–17
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Franzoso G., Hu P.-C., Meloni G. A., Barile M. F. 1993; The immunodominant 90-kilodalton protein is localised on the terminal tip structure of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun 61:1523–1530
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Frey M. L., Hanson R. P., Anderson D. P. 1968; A medium for the isolation of avian mycoplasma. Am J Vet Res 29:2163–2171
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gobel T. W. F., Chen C. H., Shrimpf J., Grossi C. E., Bernot A., Bucy R. P., Auffray C., Cooper M. D. 1994; Characterization of avian natural killer cells and their intracellular CD3 protein complex. Eur J Immunol 24:1685–1691 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hess J., Gentschev I., Miko D., Welzel M., Ladel C., Goebel W., Kaufmann S. H. 1996; Superior efficacy of secreted over somatic antigen display in recombinant Salmonella vaccine induced protection against listeriosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1458–1463 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kuwano K., Ono S., Akashi A., Ohishi M., Shigematsu H., Arai S. 1997; Production of a T-cell clone which reacts with membrane proteins of Acholeplasma laidlawii. Microbiol Immunol 41:261–264 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lai W. C., Bennett M., Lu Y.-S., Pakes S. P. 1991; Vaccination of Lewis rats with temperature-sensitive mutants of Mycoplasma pulmonis: adoptive transfer of immunity by spleen cells but not by sera. Infect Immun 59:346–350
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mukherjee F., Tiwary B. K., Prasad R. L., Jha G. J., Roy M. K. 1990; Role of T and B cells in immune response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in normal and immunocompromised chickens. Indian J Anim Sci 60:1027–1031
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Nunoya T., Tajima M., Yagihashi T., Sannai S. 1987; Evaluation of respiratory lesions in chickens induced by Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Jpn J Vet Sci 49:621–629 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Roberts D. H., Olesiuk O. M., Van Roekel H. 1967; Immunological response of fowl to Mycoplasma gallisepticum and its relationship to latent infection. Am J Vet Res 28:1135–1152
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Simecka J. W., Davis J. K., Davidson M. K., Ross S. E., Stadtlander C. T. K.-H., Cassell G. H. 1992; Mycoplasma diseases of animals. In Mycoplasmas: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis pp. 391–415Edited by Maniloff J. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Sykes J. E., Studdert V. P., Browning G. F. 1998; Detection and strain differentiation of feline calicivirus in conjunctival swabs by RT-PCR of the hypervariable region of the capsid protein gene. Arch Virol 143:1321–1334 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Tiwary B. K., Goel M. C. 1986; Experimental Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in normal, IgA- and CMI-deficient chickens. Indian J Anim Sci 56:719–725
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Whithear K. G. 1993; Avian mycoplasmosis. In Australian Standard Diagnostic Techniques for Animal Diseases pp. 1–12Edited by Corner L. A., Bagust T. J. Melbourne: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organsation for the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Resource Management;
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Whithear K. G., Harrigan K. E., Kleven S. H. 1996; Standardised method of aerosol challenge for testing the efficacy of Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccines. Avian Dis 40:654–660 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-5-1223
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-5-1223
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error