1887

Abstract

The spread of multidrug-resistant is a public health concern. The inducible macrolide–lincosamide–streptogrammin B (iMLS ) phenotype (or inducible clindamycin resistance) is associated with false clindamycin susceptibility in routine laboratory testing and may lead to treatment failure. Tigecycline resistance remains rare in worldwide. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates of obtained from the main tertiary hospital in Terengganu state, Malaysia, from July 2016 to June 2017. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 90 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and 109 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) isolates were determined by disc diffusion with the iMLS phenotype determined by D-test. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and the iMLS phenotype were more prevalent in MRSA (84.4 and 46.7  %, respectively) compared to MSSA isolates. All five tigecycline-resistant isolates were MRSA. The high incidence of MDR and the iMLS phenotype and the emergence of tigecycline resistance in the Terengganu isolates warrants continuous vigilance.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000993
2019-09-01
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/68/9/1299.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000993&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Chambers HF, DeLeo FR. Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7:629–641 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Fiebelkorn KR, Crawford SA, McElmeel ML, Jorgensen JH. Practical disk diffusion method for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4740–4744 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Jarajreh D, Aqel A, Alzoubi H, Al-Zereini W. Prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the first study in Jordan. J Infect Dev Ctries 2017; 11:350–354 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Pfaller MA, Huband MD, Streit JM, Flamm RK, Sader HS. Surveillance of tigecycline activity tested against clinical isolates from a global (North America, Europe, Latin America and Asia-Pacific) collection (2016). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:848–853 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Yang Q, Xu YC, Kiratisin P, Dowzicky MJ. Antimicrobial activity among Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms collected from the Asia-Pacific region as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial: comparison of 2015 results with previous years. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 89:314–323 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chen CJ, Huang YC. New epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infection in Asia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:605–623 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Institute for Medical Research Malaysian One Health Antimicrobial Resistance. Malaysian National Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (NSAR) report 2017 Kuala Lumpur: National Institutes of Health (NIH) Malaysia; 2018 https://www.imr.gov.my/MyOHAR/index.php/site/archive_rpt
  8. Drinkovic D, Fuller ER, Shore KP, Holland DJ, Ellis-Pegler R. Clindamycin treatment of Staphylococcus aureus expressing inducible clindamycin resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48:315–316 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Leclercq R. Mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides: nature of the resistance elements and their clinical implications. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:482–492 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Levin TP, Suh B, Axelrod P, Truant AL, Fekete T. Potential clindamycin resistance in clindamycin-susceptible, erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: report of a clinical failure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:1222–1224 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Mallick S, Basak S, Bose S. Inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus-a therapeutic challenge. J Clin Diagn Res 2009; 3:1513–1518
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 26th ed. Wayne, PA: Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute; 2016
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Puah SM, Chua KH, Tan JA. Virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in ready-to-eat foods: detection of S. aureus contamination and a high prevalence of virulence genes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:199 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing The European Committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters, version 6.0: European Committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing ; 2016
  15. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:268–281 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Active bacterial core surveillance report, emerging infections program network, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2015. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015
  17. David MZ, Boyle-Vavra S, Zychowski DL, Daum RS. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus as a predominantly healthcare-associated pathogen: a possible reversal of roles?. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18217 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Laupland KB, Ross T, Gregson DB. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: risk factors, outcomes, and the influence of methicillin resistance in Calgary, Canada, 2000–2006. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:336–343 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Pogorzelska-Maziarz M, Furuya EY, Larson EL. Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia differ depending on the control group chosen. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 141:2376–2383 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Bourgeois-Nicolaos N, Lucet JC, Daubié C, Benchaba F, Rajguru M et al. Maternal vaginal colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus and newborn acquisition at delivery. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2010; 24:488–491 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Lim KT, Hanifah YA, Mohd Yusof MY, Ito T, Thong KL. Comparison of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in 2003 and 2008 with an emergence of multidrug resistant ST22: SCCmec IV clone in a tertiary hospital, Malaysia. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2013; 46:224–233 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Micek ST. Alternatives to vancomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:S184–S190 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Atshan SS, Nor Shamsudin M, Lung LT, Sekawi Z, Pei Pei C et al. Genotypically different clones of Staphylococcus aureus are diverse in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and biofilm formations. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013:515712 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Haim MS, Di Gregorio S, Galanternik L, Lubovich S, Vázquez M et al. First description of rpsJ and mepA mutations associated with tigecycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient during antibiotic therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:739–741 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Ben-David D, Novikov I, Mermel LA. Are there differences in hospital cost between patients with nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection and those with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bloodstream infection?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30:453–460 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Joo EJ, Park DA, Kang CI, Chung DR, Song JH et al. Reevaluation of the impact of methicillin-resistance on outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis. Korean J Intern Med 2018 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Song JH, Hsueh PR, Chung DR, Ko KS, Kang C-I et al. Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between the community and the hospitals in Asian countries: an ANSORP study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1061–1069 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Sit PS, Teh CS, Idris N, Sam IC, Syed Omar SF et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and the molecular characteristics of MRSA bacteraemia over a two-year period in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:274 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Huang H, Flynn NM, King JH, Monchaud C, Morita M et al. Comparisons of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and hospital-associated MSRA infections in Sacramento, California. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:2423–2427 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Rashid ZZ, Bahari N, Othman A, Jaafar R, Mohamed NA et al. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Malaysian tertiary centre. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2013; 44:104–108
    [Google Scholar]
  31. David MZ, Cadilla A, Boyle-Vavra S, Daum RS. Replacement of HA-MRSA by CA-MRSA infections at an academic medical center in the midwestern United States, 2004-5 to 2008. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92760 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Uhlemann AC, Otto M, Lowy FD, DeLeo FR. Evolution of community- and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Infect Genet Evol 2014; 21:563–574 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Okuma K, Iwakawa K, Turnidge JD, Grubb WB, Bell JM et al. Dissemination of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in the community. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4289–4294 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Yang Y, Hu Z, Shang W, Hu Q, Zhu J et al. Molecular and phenotypic characterization revealed high prevalence of multidrug-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in Chongqing, Southwestern China. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:241–246 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Ayau P, Bardossy AC, Sanchez G, Ortiz R, Moreno D et al. Risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 61:3–6 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000993
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000993
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error