Abstract
We present a mechanism for the compensation of N acceptors in ZnO through real-space multigrid electronic structure calculations within the local-density-functional approximation. We find that at low N doping levels using a normal source, O vacancies are the main compensating donors for N acceptors, while N acceptors are compensated via the formation of defect complexes with Zn antisites at high doping levels. When an active plasma gas is used to increase the N solubility, N acceptors are still greatly compensated by molecules at oxygen sites and N-acceptor– complexes, explaining the difficulty in achieving low-resistivity p-type ZnO.
- Received 10 April 2001
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.085120
©2001 American Physical Society