Co-based nanostructures ranging from core/shell to hollow nanoparticles were prepared by varying the reaction time and the chemical environment during the thermal decomposition of Co${}_2$(CO)${}_8$. Both structural characterization and kinetic model simulation illustrate that the diffusivities of cobalt and oxygen determine the growth ratio and the final morphology of the nanoparticles. Exchange coupling between Co and Co-oxide in core/shell nanoparticles induced a shift of field-cooled hysteresis loops that is proportional to the shell thickness, as verified by numerical studies. The increasing nanocomplexity, when passing from core/shell to hollow particles, also leads to the appearance of hysteresis above 300 K due to an enhancement of the surface anisotropy resulting from the additional spin-disordered surfaces.

• Received 22 August 2011

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.144430