Abstract
New interest in NAD biology has recently been revived, and enzymes involved in NAD biosynthetic pathways have been identified and characterized in mammals. Among them, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) has drawn much attention in several different fields, including NAD biology, metabolism, and immunomodulatory response. The research history of this protein is peculiar and controversial, and its physiological function has been a matter of debate. Nampt has both intra- and extracellular forms in mammals. Intracellular Nampt (iNampt) is an essential enzyme in the NAD biosynthetic pathway starting from nicotinamide. On the other hand, an extracellular form of this protein has been reported to act as a cytokine named PBEF, an insulin-mimetic hormone named visfatin, or an extracellular NAD biosynthetic enzyme named eNampt. This review article summarizes the research history and reported functions of this unique protein and discusses the pathophysiological significance of Nampt as an NAD biosynthetic enzyme vs. a potential inflammatory cytokine in diverse biological contexts.
Keywords: Nampt, NAD biosynthesis, pancreatic β cells, metabolism, obesity, diabetes, aging, inflammatory cytokine, PBEF, visfatin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt): A Link Between NAD Biology, Metabolism, and Diseases
Volume: 15 Issue: 1
Author(s): Shin-ichiro Imai
Affiliation:
Keywords: Nampt, NAD biosynthesis, pancreatic β cells, metabolism, obesity, diabetes, aging, inflammatory cytokine, PBEF, visfatin
Abstract: New interest in NAD biology has recently been revived, and enzymes involved in NAD biosynthetic pathways have been identified and characterized in mammals. Among them, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) has drawn much attention in several different fields, including NAD biology, metabolism, and immunomodulatory response. The research history of this protein is peculiar and controversial, and its physiological function has been a matter of debate. Nampt has both intra- and extracellular forms in mammals. Intracellular Nampt (iNampt) is an essential enzyme in the NAD biosynthetic pathway starting from nicotinamide. On the other hand, an extracellular form of this protein has been reported to act as a cytokine named PBEF, an insulin-mimetic hormone named visfatin, or an extracellular NAD biosynthetic enzyme named eNampt. This review article summarizes the research history and reported functions of this unique protein and discusses the pathophysiological significance of Nampt as an NAD biosynthetic enzyme vs. a potential inflammatory cytokine in diverse biological contexts.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Imai Shin-ichiro, Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt): A Link Between NAD Biology, Metabolism, and Diseases, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209787185814
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209787185814 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Maternity Waiting Homes in Rural Districts in Africa; A Cornerstone of Safe Motherhood?
Current Women`s Health Reviews Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents
Current Women`s Health Reviews Comparison of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Pregnant Women
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets History of Development of the Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Japan and the HAPO Study
Current Nutrition & Food Science Barriers to Achieving Optimal Glycemic Control in a Multi-Ethnic Society: A US Focus
Current Diabetes Reviews Proteomic Profiling of Maternal Serum for Early Risk Analysis of Preterm Birth
Current Proteomics Role of Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor in Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disorders: An Update
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Advancement in Obesity Management: Leptin and Adiponectin Patents
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Etiology of the Metabolic Syndrome
Current Cardiology Reviews Human Imprinting Anomalies in Fetal and Childhood Growth Disorders: Clinical Implications and Molecular Mechanisms
Current Pharmaceutical Design The GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotypes Increase the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Subsequent Development of Diabetic Complications: A Meta-analysis
Current Diabetes Reviews The PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Human Pathology
Current Molecular Medicine Early Life and Oxidative Stress in Psychiatric Disorders: What Can we Learn From Animal Models?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Advances in Tissue and Organ Replacement
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Insulin Resistance as a Therapeutic Target for Improved Endothelial Function:Metformin
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders The Impact of Pregnancy and Parity on Type 1 Diabetes Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Understanding Gender Differences in Schizophrenia: A Review of the Literature
Current Psychiatry Reviews Lifestyle, Maternal Nutrition and Healthy Pregnancy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Who Should Receive Low-Dose Aspirin for Pre-eclampsia Prevention? Sorting through the Meta-Analyses
Current Women`s Health Reviews Linezolid in Children: Recent Patents and Advances
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery