Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder with a pronounced developmental component. Accordingly, there is a growing interest in characterizing developmental changes in the period leading up to disease onset, in an effort to develop effective preventative interventions. One of the ongoing neurodevelopmental changes known to occur in the late adolescent period that often overlaps with the prodromal phase and time of onset is white matter development and myelination. In this critical review, a disruption in the normal trajectory of white matter development could potentially play an important role in the onset of psychosis. We seek to summarize the existing state of research on white matter development in prodromal subjects, with a particular focus on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures. First, we describe the physiological basis of developmental white matter changes and myelination. Next, we characterize the pattern of white matter changes associated with typical development across adolescence as measured with DTI. Then, we discuss white matter changes observed in adult patients with schizophrenia and in individuals seen in genetic and clinical high risk states. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for future research directions and for potential therapeutic interventions.
Keywords: Schizophrenia, white matter, high-risk, development, adolescence, myelination, diffusion tensor imaging, neuroimaging, psychosis, isotropic diffusion
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: The Relationship of Developmental Changes in White Matter to the Onset of Psychosis
Volume: 18 Issue: 4
Author(s): Katherine H. Karlsgodt, Sarah C. Jacobson, Marc Seal and Paolo Fusar-Poli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Schizophrenia, white matter, high-risk, development, adolescence, myelination, diffusion tensor imaging, neuroimaging, psychosis, isotropic diffusion
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a disorder with a pronounced developmental component. Accordingly, there is a growing interest in characterizing developmental changes in the period leading up to disease onset, in an effort to develop effective preventative interventions. One of the ongoing neurodevelopmental changes known to occur in the late adolescent period that often overlaps with the prodromal phase and time of onset is white matter development and myelination. In this critical review, a disruption in the normal trajectory of white matter development could potentially play an important role in the onset of psychosis. We seek to summarize the existing state of research on white matter development in prodromal subjects, with a particular focus on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures. First, we describe the physiological basis of developmental white matter changes and myelination. Next, we characterize the pattern of white matter changes associated with typical development across adolescence as measured with DTI. Then, we discuss white matter changes observed in adult patients with schizophrenia and in individuals seen in genetic and clinical high risk states. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for future research directions and for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Cite this article as:
H. Karlsgodt Katherine, C. Jacobson Sarah, Seal Marc and Fusar-Poli Paolo, The Relationship of Developmental Changes in White Matter to the Onset of Psychosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799316073
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799316073 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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