Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex biological response to any injury occurring to the central nervous system. It is mainly characterized by the recruitment of immune system cells, namely the microglial cells, in the site of injury. Once activated, microglia expresses a cholesterol transporter protein (TSPO), previously also known as peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor. PK11195 is a ligand for TSPO and, labelled with a positron emitter, it is also the most used tracer for PET molecular imaging to in vivo map the microglia activation in various neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke. Recent [11C]PK11195 PET studies proved activated microglia both locally in the area of the infarct and at distance along the affected fibre tracts, suggesting the presence of two different microglia subtypes with peculiar functions in disease progression. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recent knowledge about imaging neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke and in the atherosclerotic and vascular inflammatory disorders, trying to elucidate the interplay between the clinical course and the activation of a microglial response.
Keywords: [11C]PK11195, activated microglia, ischemic stroke, neuroinflammation, PET imaging.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Imaging Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke and in the Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): Chiara Cerami and Daniela Perani
Affiliation:
Keywords: [11C]PK11195, activated microglia, ischemic stroke, neuroinflammation, PET imaging.
Abstract: Neuroinflammation is a complex biological response to any injury occurring to the central nervous system. It is mainly characterized by the recruitment of immune system cells, namely the microglial cells, in the site of injury. Once activated, microglia expresses a cholesterol transporter protein (TSPO), previously also known as peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor. PK11195 is a ligand for TSPO and, labelled with a positron emitter, it is also the most used tracer for PET molecular imaging to in vivo map the microglia activation in various neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke. Recent [11C]PK11195 PET studies proved activated microglia both locally in the area of the infarct and at distance along the affected fibre tracts, suggesting the presence of two different microglia subtypes with peculiar functions in disease progression. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recent knowledge about imaging neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke and in the atherosclerotic and vascular inflammatory disorders, trying to elucidate the interplay between the clinical course and the activation of a microglial response.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cerami Chiara and Perani Daniela, Imaging Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke and in the Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2015; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113116660168
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113116660168 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Arterial Stiffness: Novel Therapeutic Frontiers
Arterial stiffness, a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, poses significant challenges in contemporary healthcare. This thematic issue delves into the multifaceted landscape of arterial stiffness and explores cutting-edge therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating its adverse effects. Within these pages, readers will find a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying arterial stiffness, ...read more
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Endothelial Dysfunction in Renal Failure: Current Update
Current Medicinal Chemistry High-Density Lipoprotein and Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Olive Oil-related Anti-inflammatory Effects on Atherosclerosis: Potential Clinical Implications
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets The Effect of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium (GIK) Infusion on Cardiovascular Function and Inflammation: Results from a Phase 1 Pilot Interventional Trial
Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs Merging Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Drug Discovery Technologies to Find Novel Drugs and Functional Foods
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Saltatory and Sinusoidal Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) Patterns and significance of FHR ‘Overshoots’
Current Women`s Health Reviews Transductional and Transcriptional Targeting of Adenovirus for Clinical Applications
Current Gene Therapy CYLD-Mediated Signaling and Diseases
Current Drug Targets Anti-apoptotic Serpins as Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets The Emerging Role of Arginase in Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes
Current Vascular Pharmacology Editorial
Current Medical Imaging Re-Wiring the Circuit: Mitochondria as a Pharmacological Target in Liver Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Phosphodiesterase: An Interface Connecting Cognitive Deficits to Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Aldosterone and the Pathogenesis of Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Gender and Cardiovascular Mortality in Northern and Southern European Populations
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hyperhomocysteinemia in Movement Disorders: Current Evidence and Hypotheses
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Pharmacologic Approach to the Prevention of Preeclampsia: From Antiplatelet, Antithrombosis and Antioxidant Therapy to Anticonvulsants
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents Monocyte Adhesion in Atherosclerosis: A Biomechanical Approach
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Diabetes
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Homocysteine: A Risk Factor in Patietns with Cardiovascular Disorders in Pakistan
Current Bioactive Compounds