Pesticidi i fitomedicina 2013 Volume 28, Issue 3, Pages: 167-179
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1303167L
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An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia
Lević Jelena (Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade)
Gošić-Dondo Snežana (Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade)
Ivanović Dragica (Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade)
Stanković Slavica (Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade)
Krnjaja Vesna (Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade)
Bočarov-Stančić Aleksandra (Bio-Ecological Centre, d.o.o., Zrenjanin)
Stepanić Ana (Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade)
The frequency and incidence of A. flavus and A. niger on barley, maize,
soybean, sunflower and wheat grain, the abundance of European corn borer
(Ostrinia nubilalis) moths and their interaction depending on weather
conditions in the 2008-2012 period were studied. Under the agroecological
conditions of Serbia, the species A. niger is more frequent than A. flavus,
and concerning the crop species, its frequency is highest in kernels of
sunflower, than soybean, maize, barley and wheat. A. flavus was extremely
dominant on all plant species in 2012 regarding its frequency: 100% on
soybean, 95.3% on maize, 65.2% on barley, 57.1% on sunflower and 45.8% on
wheat. Furthermore, the incidence of A. flavus was higher in 2012 than in
previous years. The uncommonly high frequency and incidence of A. flavus
infestation of maize grain in 2012 were caused by extremely stressful
agrometeorological conditions, high temperatures and drought over the period
from flowering to waxy maturity of maize. The precipitation factor (Pf =
precipitation sum / average monthly temperature) showed that 2012 was
extremely arid in June (Pf = 0.57), July (Pf = 1.45), August (Pf = 0.15) and
September (Pf = 1.42). European corn borer (ECB) was a second factor causing
intensive occurrence of A. flavus on maize grain in 2012. The maximum flight
of ECB moths was recorded as early as in July (5,149) and, as a result of
this, high damage and numerous injuries were detected at harvest. Those
injuries were covered by visible olive-green powdery colonies typical of A.
flavus. In the chronology of A. flavus occurrence, these are the first data
on its very high frequency and incidence under the agroecological conditions
of Serbia. As intensive infections with A. flavus were rare in the past 50
years, the level of aflatoxins in maize grain was low.
Keywords: Cereals, Sunflower, Soybean, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Ostrinia nubilalis, Environment
Projekat Ministarstva
nauke Republike Srbije, br.TR-31023