ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 216-225.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.00216

• • 上一篇    下一篇

 做上司的“意中人”:负担还是赋能? 追随原型−特质匹配的双刃剑效应

 彭 坚1;  王 震2   

  1.  (1广州大学工商管理学院, 广州 510006) (2中央财经大学商学院, 北京 100081)
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-08 发布日期:2017-12-26 出版日期:2018-02-25
  • 通讯作者: 王震, E-mail: wangzhen@cufe.edu.cn 彭坚, E-mail: pengjiannut@163.com
  • 基金资助:
     广州大学人才引进科研启动项目(2700050336)、国家自然科学基金项目(71302129和71772193)、教育部人文社科基金青年项目(17YJC630195)。

 Being a prototypic follower: Burdening or enabling? The paradoxical effect of followership prototype-trait match

 PENG Jian1; WANG Zhen2   

  1.  (1 School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China) (2 Business School, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China)
  • Received:2016-11-08 Online:2017-12-26 Published:2018-02-25
  • Contact: WANG Zhen, E-mail: wangzhen@cufe.edu.cn PENG Jian, E-mail: pengjiannut@163.com
  • Supported by:
     

摘要:  传统观点认为, 倘若下属能够达到领导心目中的理想标准(即追随原型), 成为领导的“意中人”, 便容易在工作中获得资源, 感到幸福。然而, 在现实情境中, 身为“意中人”的下属还可能面临着工作超载、身心受累的潜在威胁。基于工作要求−资源模型, 本研究认为 “做上司的意中人”既要付出代价又能受益, 并提出一个追随原型−特质匹配的双刃剑模型。该模型包括远离幸福的负担之路和迈向幸福的赋能之路。基于132份两时间点的上下级配对数据, 采用路径分析对理论模型进行检验, 结果表明:当下属的追随特质契合领导的追随原型(成为领导的“意中人”)后, 下属既可能因为工作负担的增多而付出心理代价, 出现高情绪枯竭、低情感承诺和低工作满意度; 又可能因为自我效能的增强而收获工作幸福, 表现为高工作满意度。以上结果能为管理员工幸福感提供一定的实践指导。

关键词: 内隐追随, 追随原型, 追随特质, 自我效能, 工作负担, 工作幸福感

Abstract:  In recent years, a novel research topic, implicit followership theories, has infused the organizational behavior literature with new vitality. Implicit followership theories refer to the pre-existing personal assumptions about the traits that characterize a follower. Based on the valence of assumed follower traits, implicit followership theories are classified into two types, namely followership prototype and anti-prototype. In the leader-follower interaction process, leaders’ followership prototypes can usually be activated, which in turn may compete with the followers’ actual trait. In line with the results of implicit prototype-actual trait comparison, leaders will identify the ideal followers. According to the traditional viewpoints on implicit followership theories, prototypic followers whose actual traits match their leaders’ followership prototype may experience a high level of well-being in the workplace. However, some scholars recently point out the potential dark side of being a prototypic follower, namely, the suffering of psychological fatigue. Based on the job demand-resource model, the present study aimed to reconcile the contradictory viewpoints mentioned above by proposing a dual process model wherein the congruence between leaders’ followership prototype and followers’ followership trait migh have a paradoxical effect on followers’ well-being. Specifically, the present study hypothesized that beyond an enabling process of followership prototype-trait congruence (represented by the positive mediating effect of self-efficacy), there would be a burdening process (represented by the negative mediating effect of workload). To test our hypotheses, the current study conducted a multi-wave, multi-resource survey. At Time 1, we sent surveys to 204 voluntary leader-follower dyads, requiring leaders and followers to report their followership prototype and demography information. We obtained 171 surveys with effective responses. About two months later, we conducted the Time 2 survey, requiring leaders to rate their perceived workload of the focal followers and requiring followers to rate their self-efficacy, emotional exhaust, affective organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Eventually, we obtained 132 effective respondents. Based on the two-wave data, we conducted path analysis using Mplus 7.0. The results overall supported the contrasting notions, suggesting that followership prototype-trait match could enhance followers’ self-efficacy and consequently well-being (i.e., high job satisfaction), while at the same time increased followers’ workload, which in turn diminished followers’ well-being (i.e., high emotional exhaust, low job satisfaction and affective commitment). These findings not only advance our understanding of the relationship between implicit followership theories and well-being, but also provide further inspiration for managerial practice.

Key words: implicit followership theory, followership prototype, followership trait, self-efficacy, workload, well-being

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