Defect characterization, diagnosis and repair of wood flooring based on a field survey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2018.01817Keywords:
Wood, Weathering, Decay, Durability, CharacterizationAbstract
A statistical characterization of defects in 35 buildings and 98 wood floorings (softwood and hardwood floors, and laminated and engineered wood floors), their diagnostic methods and repair solutions is presented. An expert system for inspecting wood flooring, comprising the classification of defects, their most probable causes, diagnostic methods and repair techniques, was used. Results include age, affected area, severity and frequency of defects and their main causes, as well as appropriate diagnostic methods, preventive and curative repair solutions most prescribed and the most significant correlations. Scratches were detected in more than five sixths of the sample, highly associated with exterior mechanical actions, and with an inadequate finishing layer. Wearing of the finishing layer was detected in a quarter of the inspected floorings. Accordingly, the application of a suitable finishing layer and, alternatively, its replacement are the most prescribed repair techniques.
Downloads
References
Delgado, A.; de Brito, J.; Silvestre J.D. (2013) Inspection and diagnosis system for wood flooring. J. Perform. Constr. Fac. 27 [5], 564–574. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000342
Ferraz, G.T.; de Brito, J.; Freitas, V.P. de; Silvestre, J.D. (2015) Integrated technical management systems: inspection and repair of non-structural elements. ALCONPAT Journal 5 [2], 129–140.
Gaião, C.; de Brito, J.; Silvestre, J.D. (2011) Inspection and diagnosis of gypsum plasterboard walls. J. Perform. Constr. Fac. 25 [3], 172–180. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000149
Pereira, A.; Palha, F.; de Brito, J.; Silvestre, J.D. (2011) Inspection and diagnosis system for gypsum plasters in partition walls and ceilings. Constr. Build. Mater. 25 [4], 2146–2156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.015
Sá, G.; Sá, J.; de Brito, J.; Amaro, B. (2014) Inspection and diagnosis system for rendered walls. Int. J. Civil Eng. 12 [2], 279–290.
Silvestre, J.D.; de Brito, J. (2009) Ceramic tiling inspection system. Constr. Build. Mater. 23 [2], 653–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.02.007
Neto, N.; de Brito, J. (2011) Inspection and defect diagnosis system for natural stone cladding (NSC). J. Mater. Civil Eng. 23 [10], 1433–1443. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000314
Amaro, B.; Saraiva, D.; de Brito, J.; Flores-Colen, I. (2013) Inspection and diagnosis system of ETICS on walls. Constr. Build. Mater. 47, 1257–1267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.024
Walter, A.; de Brito, J.; Grandão Lopes, J. (2005) Current flat roof bituminous membranes waterproofing systems - inspection, diagnosis and pathology classification. Constr. Build. Mater. 19 [3], 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.05.008
Garcez, N.; Lopes, N.; de Brito, J.; Silvestre, J.D. (2012) System of inspection, diagnosis and repair of external claddings of pitched roofs. Constr. Build. Mater. 35, 1034–1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.047
Garcia, J.; de Brito, J. (2008) Inspection and diagnosis of epoxy resin industrial floor coatings. J. Mater. Civil Eng. 20 [2], 128–136. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:2(128)
Silva, C. da; Coelho, F.; de Brito, J.; Silvestre, J.; Pereira, C. (2017) Inspection, diagnosis and repair system for architectural concrete surfaces. J. Perform. Constr. Fac. 31 [5], 04017035. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001034
Santos, A.; Vicente, M.; de Brito, J; Flores-Colen, I.; Castelo, A. (2016) Inspection, diagnosis, and rehabilitation system of door and window frames. J. Perform. Constr. Fac. 31 [3], 04016118. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000992
Gaião, C.; de Brito, J.; Silvestre, J.D. (2012) Gypsum plasterboard walls: inspection, pathological characterization and statistical survey using an expert system. Mater. Construcc. 62 [306], 285–297. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2011.62210
Van den Bulcke, J.; de Windt, I.; Defoirdt, N.; de Smet, J.; Van Acker, J. (2011) Moisture dynamics and fungal susceptibility of plywood. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr. 65 [5], 708–716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.12.015
COAM (Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid) (1991) Pathology, conservation and rehabilitation of buildings (in Spanish), Volumes 1, 3 and 4, Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Spain.
Esteban, L.; Casasús, A.; Oramas, C.; de Palacios, P. (2002) Wood and its technology (in Spanish), Ediciones Mundi-Prensa, Fundación Conde del Valle de Salazar AiTiM, Madrid, Spain.
Hiziroglu, S. (2004) Dimensional changes in wood. NREM-5009, Oklahoma State University, Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, USA.
Keskin, H.; Tekin, A. (2011) Abrasion resistances of cellulosic, synthetic, polyurethane, waterborne and acid hardening varnishes used woods. Construc. Build. Mater. 25 [2], 638–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.07.028
Kim, S., Kim, H.-J. (2006) Anti-bacterial performance of colloidal silver-treated laminate wood flooring. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr. 57 [3], 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.02.002
Makepeace J. (1993) The encyclopaedia of wood, Facts on file, New York, USA.
Merino, F. (1998) Pathology and intervention techniques, Volume 3 - Structural elements. Cap. III - Recovery of wood structures. Pathology of wood (in Spanish). Departamento de Construcción y Tecnología Arquitectónicas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Editorial Munilla-Lería, Madrid, Spain, 255–276.
Baar, J.; Debnáriková, V.; Rademacher, P. (2015) Influence of surface damage on moisture behavior and decay susceptibility of film faced plywood. Pro Ligno 11[4], 253–259.
Neto, N.; de Brito, J. (2012) Validation of an inspection and diagnosis system for anomalies in natural stone cladding (NSC). Constr. Build. Mater. 30, 224–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.032
Chong, W.-K.; Low, S.-P. (2005) Assessment of defects at construction and occupancy stages, J. Perform. Constr. Fac. 19 [4], 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2005)19:4(283)
Ransom, W.H. (1987) Building failures: diagnosis and avoidance. Spon Press, Second edition, UK.
Minne, E.; Crittenden, J.C. (2015) Impact of maintenance on life cycle impact and cost assessment for residential flooring options. Int. J. Life Cycle Ass. 20, 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-014-0809-z
Ishak, S.N.H.; Chohan, A.H.; Ramly, A. (2007) Implications of design deficiency on building maintenance at post-occupational stage. J. Build. Apprais. 3 [2], 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jba.2950061
Nejad, M.; Shafaghi, R.; Ali, H.; Cooper, P. (2013) Coating performance on oil-heat treated wood for flooring. Bioresources 8 [2], 1881–1892. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.2.1881-1892
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.